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使用filter解决项目编码问题

在开发JavaWeb项目时,前端的编码使用的时utf-8编码方式,服务器端使用的是ISO-8859-1编码方式,故在开发中会出现乱码。

解决方案(使用filter)

实现EncodingFilter来解决项目乱码问题

乱码情形举例:

  1. 写一个b.html文件
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
    <a href="/filtertest/demox?username=张三">向服务器发送请求</a>
</body>
</html>
  1. 再写一个servlet处理请求
package com.oracle.servlet;

import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

public class DemoxServlet extends HttpServlet {
    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;

    public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        String username = request.getParameter("username");
        System.out.println(username);
        
        response.getWriter().println("王五");
    }

    public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(request, response);
    }
}
  1. servlet写到浏览器的内容和servlet从浏览器接收到的请求数据会出现乱码

EncodingFilter:

package com.oracle.filter;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
import java.util.Map;

import javax.servlet.Filter;
import javax.servlet.FilterChain;
import javax.servlet.FilterConfig;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.ServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.ServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequestWrapper;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
/**
 * 统一编码
 * @author Administrator
 *
 */
public class EncodingFilter implements Filter {

    @Override
    public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub

    }

    @Override
    public void doFilter(ServletRequest req, ServletResponse resp, FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException {
        //1.强转
        HttpServletRequest request=(HttpServletRequest) req;
        HttpServletResponse response=(HttpServletResponse) resp;
        response.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
        //2.放行
        chain.doFilter(new MyRequest(request), response);
    }

    @Override
    public void destroy() {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub

    }

}
class MyRequest extends HttpServletRequestWrapper{
    private HttpServletRequest request;
    private boolean flag=true;
    
    
    public MyRequest(HttpServletRequest request) {
        super(request);
        this.request=request;
    }
    
    @Override
    public String getParameter(String name) {  
        if(name==null || name.trim().length()==0){
            return null;
        }
        String[] values = getParameterValues(name);
        if(values==null || values.length==0){
            return null;
        }
        
        return values[0];
    }
    
    @Override
    /**
     * hobby=[eat,drink]
     */
    public String[] getParameterValues(String name) {
        if(name==null || name.trim().length()==0){
            return null;
        }
        Map<String, String[]> map = getParameterMap();
        if(map==null || map.size()==0){
            return null;
        }
        
        return map.get(name);
    }
    
    @Override
    /**
     * map{ username=[tom],password=[123],hobby=[eat,drink]}
     */
    public Map<String,String[]> getParameterMap() {  
        
        /**
         * 首先判断请求方式
         * 若为post  request.setchar...(utf-8)
         * 若为get 将map中的值遍历编码就可以了
         */
        String method = request.getMethod();
        if("post".equalsIgnoreCase(method)){
            try {
                request.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
                return request.getParameterMap();
            } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
                // TODO Auto-generated catch block
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }else if("get".equalsIgnoreCase(method)){
            Map<String,String[]> map = request.getParameterMap();
            if(flag){
                for (String key:map.keySet()) {
                    String[] arr = map.get(key);
                    //继续遍历数组
                    for(int i=0;i<arr.length;i++){
                        //编码
                        try {
                            arr[i]=new String(arr[i].getBytes("iso8859-1"),"utf-8");
                        } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
                            e.printStackTrace();
                        }
                    }
                }
                flag=false;
            }
            //需要遍历map 修改value的每一个数据的编码
            
            return map;
        }
        
        return super.getParameterMap();
    }
    
}

配置web.xml文件:

<!-- 配置项目编码 -->
  <filter>
    <filter-name>EncodingFilter</filter-name>
    <filter-class>com.oracle.filter.EncodingFilter</filter-class>
  </filter>
  <filter-mapping>
    <filter-name>EncodingFilter</filter-name>
    <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
  </filter-mapping>

filter

filter

  1. filter是什么?
    servlet2.3后增加的新功能,运行在服务器端的程序,先于与之相关的servlet或者jsp页面之前运行
  2. 作用
    过滤请求和相应
  3. 应用场景
    (1)自动登录
    (2)统一编码
    (3)过滤特殊符号或敏感词

    filter程序编写

  4. 编写一个类
  5. 1 实现一个Filter接口
  6. 2 重写接口所有的方法
  7. 编写配置文件
  8. 1 注册filter
  9. 2 绑定路径
  10. 2.1 完全匹配 例如:/demo1
  11. 2.2 目录匹配 例如: /* 过滤所有请求

    案例

  12. 项目目录
  13. 代码

Demo1Filter

package com.oracle.filter;

import java.io.IOException;

import javax.servlet.Filter;
import javax.servlet.FilterChain;
import javax.servlet.FilterConfig;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.ServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.ServletResponse;

public class Demo1Filter implements Filter{

    @Override
    public void destroy() {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        
    }

    @Override
    public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response, FilterChain chain)
            throws IOException, ServletException {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        System.out.println("Demo1Filter过滤到请求.../demo1");
        
        //放行
        chain.doFilter(request, response);
    }

    @Override
    public void init(FilterConfig arg0) throws ServletException {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        
    }

}

web.xml

Demo1Servlet

package com.oracle.servlet;

import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;

public class Demo1Servlet extends HttpServlet {
    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;

    public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        System.out.println("Demo1Servlet接收到请求.../demo1");
    }

    public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(request, response);
    }
}

效果

session

session

  1. 什么是session?
    服务器端会话技术
  2. api

(1)session的获取

HttpSession session=request.getSession()

(2)session属性操作

session.setAttribute("attr_name", attr_value);//设置属性
session.getAttribute(attr_name);//获取属性
  1. 作用范围
    一次会话中

    session 测试(其他的servlet可以共享一次请求中的数据)

  2. 项目目录
  3. 代码

a.html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
    <a href="/sessiontest/demo1">访问demo1</a>
    <a href="/sessiontest/demo2">访问demo2</a>
    <a href="/sessiontest/demo3">访问demo3</a>
</body>
</html>

Demo1Servlet

package com.oracle;

import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;

public class Demo1Servlet extends HttpServlet {
    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;

    public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //request.setAttribute("username", "zhangsan");
        
        //请求转发
        //request.getRequestDispatcher("/demo2").forward(request, response);
        
        //创建session
        HttpSession session = request.getSession();
        System.out.println("Demo1Servlet增加username属性,值为lisi");
        session.setAttribute("username", "lisi");
    }

    public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(request, response);
    }
}

Demo2Servlet

package com.oracle;

import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;

public class Demo2Servlet extends HttpServlet {
    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;

    public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //String username = (String)request.getAttribute("username");
        //System.out.println(username);//null 一次会话当中的第二次请求不能得到第一次请求的数据
        
        HttpSession session = request.getSession();
        String username = (String)session.getAttribute("username");
        System.out.println("Demo2Servlet:" + username);
        
    }

    public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(request, response);
    }
}

Demo3Servlet

package com.oracle;

import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;

public class Demo3Servlet extends HttpServlet {
    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;

    public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        HttpSession session = request.getSession();
        String username = (String)session.getAttribute("username");
        System.out.println("Demo2Servlet:" + username);
    }

    public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(request, response);
    }
}

效果

注册功能实现

  1. 实现原理
    当用户输入完注册信息,点击提交,浏览器向服务器发出请求,然后由服务器中的servlet来处理请求,将前台用户输入的信息保存到数据库当中。
  2. 安装MySQL并创建需要的数据库和表(假设创建的数据库为test3,创建表user),表结构如下图所示。
  3. 在eclipse中导入数据库配置文件
  4. 导入注册所需的jar包
  5. 导入DataSourceUtils.java
阅读全文 »

request域对象

场景:有时候我们发送一个请求然后由一个对应的servlet处理请求,接着我们需要将当前的request对象的一些信息传递到另一个servlet或者jsp页面。
方法

  1. 请求转发
    假设当前处理请求的是Demo2Servlet(/demo2),需要传递信息到Demo3Servlet(/demo3)中。
request.getRequestDispatcher("/demo3").forward(request, response);

然后我们就可以在Demo3Servlet中获取request中的信息。

package com.oracle;

import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

public class Demo3Servlet extends HttpServlet {
    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
    
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        String username = request.getParameter("username");
        System.out.println(username);
    }

    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        doGet(request, response);
    }

}
  1. 使用request域对象(使用request的setAttribute()方法设置其他信息并传递到Demo3Servlet中)
package com.oracle;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Map;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

public class Demo2Servlet extends HttpServlet {
    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        request.setAttribute("flag", 1);
        request.getRequestDispatcher("/demo3").forward(request, response);
    }

    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        doGet(request, response);
    }
}
  1. 在Demo3Servlet中获取请求中的信息或者在Demo2Servlet中设置的新信息)
package com.oracle;

import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

public class Demo3Servlet extends HttpServlet {
    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;

    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        String username = request.getParameter("username");
        System.out.println(username);
        
        //request.removeAttribute("flag");//如果在获取设置的属性前将其删除,后面将获取不到该属性
        Integer a = (Integer)request.getAttribute("flag");
        System.out.println(a);
    }

    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        doGet(request, response);
    }

}

request获取各种形式的数据

  1. 新建form.html
  2. 新建Demo2Servlet处理来自form表单的请求并通过request对象的集中常用方法获取各种形式的数据
package com.oracle;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Map;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

/**
 * Servlet implementation class Demo2Servlet
 */
public class Demo2Servlet extends HttpServlet {
    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;

    /**
     * @see HttpServlet#doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
     */
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        //response.getWriter().append("Served at: ").append(request.getContextPath());
//        //获取前台传递的参数
//        String username = request.getParameter("username");
//        String password = request.getParameter("pwd");
//        
//        //获取单值
//        System.out.println(username);
//        System.out.println(password);
//        
//        //获取多值
//        String[] vals = request.getParameterValues("hobby");
//        for(String val:vals) {
//            System.out.println(val);
//        }
        
        //获取表单中的所有数据
        Map<String, String[]> map = request.getParameterMap();
        for(String s:map.keySet()) {
            String[] strs = map.get(s);
            
            for(String st:strs) {
                System.out.println(st);
            }
        }
        
        
    }

    /**
     * @see HttpServlet#doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
     */
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        doGet(request, response);
    }

}
  1. 请求转发
    假设我们刚刚处理的表单就是一个网站的注册页面,提交登录成功后,我们需要跳转到登录页面(从一个页面跳转到另一个页面)

解决办法:
我们只需要在doGet方法的最后增加下面一行代码(假设1.html为登录页面):

//请求转发到1.html页面
request.getRequestDispatcher("/1.html").forward(request, response);

servlet

创建servlet

  1. 在src下面新建一个包com.oracle(公司域名反写)
  2. 在com.oracle下新建一个servlet(New–>Other–>Web–>Servlet)
    输入servlet的名称:

    修改URL mappings:

    去掉Constructors form superclass的勾选:

    创建好的servlet:

    测试Demo1Servlet

  3. 创建demo1.html
  4. 在Demo1Servlet.java中编写处理来自demo1.html的请求的Java代码
  5. 在浏览器地址栏输入:localhost:8080/shop/demo1.html
  6. 点击上图中的超链接向服务器发出请求
    servelet处理来自浏览器的请求,执行在Demo1Servlet.java中编写的Java代码

创建web项目并添加到服务器中

1.创建web项目

New –> Web –> dynamic web project,然后按照下图操作。

注意:Target runtime需选择与服务器对应的版本,dynamic web module version选择2.5.

2.将创建好的web项目加入到服务器中

在服务器上右键–>add and remove,然后将对应的项目加入到服务器。

3.访问服务器上的web信息

1.在WebContent下面创建一个简单的页面(1.html)
2.在浏览器地址栏输入:localhot/8080/shop/1.html

效果:

项目技术栈

表格列出了开发网上购物商城所用到的技术。

技术 作用
html 写静态页面
css 渲染页面
js/jquery 可以为html增加动画效果
bootstrap 前端框架
Servlet 接受请求,处理请求,生成动态的web资源
Request 请求
session 服务器端会话技术
filter 过滤请求和响应
jsp 动态展示数据
el和jstl el:jsp中的输出表达式 jstl:减少页面JAVA代码量 让结构更加清晰

web服务器tomcat和eclipse的集成

下载tomcat

tomcat

安装tomcat

将下载的后缀为.zip的压缩文件解压即可(本项目使用tomcat 7)
将文件解压到不包含中文文件名的路径下(例:D://tomcat//)

将tomcat服务器集成到eclipse中

1.在eclipse菜单栏中点击window–>preferences,然后按照下图所示顺序点击。

2.按照下图所示步骤添加服务器,选择版本7

3.选择下载并解压的tomcat服务器并选择jre

4.在菜单栏选择windown–>show view–>Other..–>Server–>Servers来显示配置的tomcat服务器

注:可以通过点击上图中的启动按钮和关闭按钮来关闭/停止服务器
5.双击上图中的服务器并按照下图将Deploy path修改为webapps

6.通过浏览器访问该服务器
在浏览器地址栏输入localhost:8080来访问(先通过启动按钮启动服务器)

如果端口8080被占用,可以在tomcat目录下/conf/server.xml中修改端口号。