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jstl标签

  1. jstl标签(替换jsp页面中的if、forjava代码)
  2. jstl标签测试
<%@page import="java.util.HashMap"%>
<%@page import="java.util.ArrayList"%>
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
    pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<%@taglib prefix="c" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" %>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
    <%
        request.setAttribute("a", 1);
        request.setAttribute("b", 4);
        
        //在request域中设置复杂数据(ArrayList)
        ArrayList<String> arr = new ArrayList<String>();
        arr.add("zhangsan");
        arr.add("lisi");
        arr.add("wangwu");
        request.setAttribute("list", arr);
        
        //在request域中设置复杂数据(HashMap)
        HashMap<String, String> map = new HashMap<String, String>();
        map.put("a", "A");
        map.put("b", "B");
        map.put("c", "C");
        request.setAttribute("map", map);
    %>
    <c:if test="${a>b}">
        <font color="red">a大于b</font><br>
    </c:if>
    
    <c:if test="${a<b}">
        <font color="green">a大于b</font><br>
    </c:if>
    
    <c:forEach begin="1" end="10" step="1" var="n">
        ${n}
    </c:forEach><br>
    
    <c:forEach items="${list}" var="s">
        ${s}
    </c:forEach><br>
    
    <c:forEach items="${map}" var="en">
        ${en.key}
        ${en.value}<br>
    </c:forEach>
</body>
</html>s
  1. 效果

el表达式

  1. el表达式
  2. 测试el表达式
<%@page import="com.oracle.bean.Product"%>
<%@page import="java.util.HashMap"%>
<%@page import="java.util.ArrayList"%>
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
    pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
    <%
        //在request域中设置简单数据
        request.setAttribute("a", 1);
        request.setAttribute("b", 1);
        
        //在request域中设置复杂数据(ArrayList)
        ArrayList<String> arr = new ArrayList<String>();
        arr.add("zhangsan");
        arr.add("lisi");
        arr.add("wangwu");
        request.setAttribute("list", arr);
        
        //在request域中设置复杂数据(HashMap)
        HashMap<String, String> map = new HashMap<String, String>();
        map.put("a", "A");
        map.put("b", "B");
        map.put("c", "C");
        request.setAttribute("map", map);
        
        //在request域中设置复杂数据(JavaBean)
        Product p = new Product();
        p.setId(1);
        p.setPname("黄瓜");
        p.setPrice(15.2);
        p.setPdesc("黄瓜好吃,香");
        request.setAttribute("p", p);
    %>
    
    <%=request.getAttribute("a") %>
    
    ${a+b}<br>
    
    ${list[0]}<br>
    
    ${map.a}<br>
    
    ${p.pname}<br>
</body>
</html>
  1. 效果

jsp

  1. 什么是jsp?
    java server pages(java服务器页面),本质上就是一个servlet,运行在服务器端.
  2. 作用
    可以在jsp嵌入java代码,动态展示数据
  3. jsp的特定内容
  4. 1 jsp的脚本
    <%…%>:写java程序片段
    <%=…%>:输出表达式(输出表达式不能以分号结尾)
  5. 2 jsp的指令
    (1)包含在.jsp文件的头部,声明当前页面的一些属性和行为
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
        pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>

(2)taglib:导入标签库
s
<%@taglib prefix=”c” uri=”http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" %>
导入标签库后就可以使用jstl标签替换jsp中的if、for表达式。更多见jstl标签
3.3 jsp中的域对象
request:当前请求
session:当前会话
3.4 jsp的动作标签
语法:<jsp:动作标签 属性=”值”>
例如: 将其他页面包含到当前页面

<jsp:include page="/.."></jsp:inclue>
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使用filter解决项目编码问题

在开发JavaWeb项目时,前端的编码使用的时utf-8编码方式,服务器端使用的是ISO-8859-1编码方式,故在开发中会出现乱码。

解决方案(使用filter)

实现EncodingFilter来解决项目乱码问题

乱码情形举例:

  1. 写一个b.html文件
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
    <a href="/filtertest/demox?username=张三">向服务器发送请求</a>
</body>
</html>
  1. 再写一个servlet处理请求
package com.oracle.servlet;

import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

public class DemoxServlet extends HttpServlet {
    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;

    public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        String username = request.getParameter("username");
        System.out.println(username);
        
        response.getWriter().println("王五");
    }

    public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(request, response);
    }
}
  1. servlet写到浏览器的内容和servlet从浏览器接收到的请求数据会出现乱码

EncodingFilter:

package com.oracle.filter;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
import java.util.Map;

import javax.servlet.Filter;
import javax.servlet.FilterChain;
import javax.servlet.FilterConfig;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.ServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.ServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequestWrapper;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
/**
 * 统一编码
 * @author Administrator
 *
 */
public class EncodingFilter implements Filter {

    @Override
    public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub

    }

    @Override
    public void doFilter(ServletRequest req, ServletResponse resp, FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException {
        //1.强转
        HttpServletRequest request=(HttpServletRequest) req;
        HttpServletResponse response=(HttpServletResponse) resp;
        response.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
        //2.放行
        chain.doFilter(new MyRequest(request), response);
    }

    @Override
    public void destroy() {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub

    }

}
class MyRequest extends HttpServletRequestWrapper{
    private HttpServletRequest request;
    private boolean flag=true;
    
    
    public MyRequest(HttpServletRequest request) {
        super(request);
        this.request=request;
    }
    
    @Override
    public String getParameter(String name) {  
        if(name==null || name.trim().length()==0){
            return null;
        }
        String[] values = getParameterValues(name);
        if(values==null || values.length==0){
            return null;
        }
        
        return values[0];
    }
    
    @Override
    /**
     * hobby=[eat,drink]
     */
    public String[] getParameterValues(String name) {
        if(name==null || name.trim().length()==0){
            return null;
        }
        Map<String, String[]> map = getParameterMap();
        if(map==null || map.size()==0){
            return null;
        }
        
        return map.get(name);
    }
    
    @Override
    /**
     * map{ username=[tom],password=[123],hobby=[eat,drink]}
     */
    public Map<String,String[]> getParameterMap() {  
        
        /**
         * 首先判断请求方式
         * 若为post  request.setchar...(utf-8)
         * 若为get 将map中的值遍历编码就可以了
         */
        String method = request.getMethod();
        if("post".equalsIgnoreCase(method)){
            try {
                request.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
                return request.getParameterMap();
            } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
                // TODO Auto-generated catch block
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }else if("get".equalsIgnoreCase(method)){
            Map<String,String[]> map = request.getParameterMap();
            if(flag){
                for (String key:map.keySet()) {
                    String[] arr = map.get(key);
                    //继续遍历数组
                    for(int i=0;i<arr.length;i++){
                        //编码
                        try {
                            arr[i]=new String(arr[i].getBytes("iso8859-1"),"utf-8");
                        } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
                            e.printStackTrace();
                        }
                    }
                }
                flag=false;
            }
            //需要遍历map 修改value的每一个数据的编码
            
            return map;
        }
        
        return super.getParameterMap();
    }
    
}

配置web.xml文件:

<!-- 配置项目编码 -->
  <filter>
    <filter-name>EncodingFilter</filter-name>
    <filter-class>com.oracle.filter.EncodingFilter</filter-class>
  </filter>
  <filter-mapping>
    <filter-name>EncodingFilter</filter-name>
    <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
  </filter-mapping>

filter

filter

  1. filter是什么?
    servlet2.3后增加的新功能,运行在服务器端的程序,先于与之相关的servlet或者jsp页面之前运行
  2. 作用
    过滤请求和相应
  3. 应用场景
    (1)自动登录
    (2)统一编码
    (3)过滤特殊符号或敏感词

    filter程序编写

  4. 编写一个类
  5. 1 实现一个Filter接口
  6. 2 重写接口所有的方法
  7. 编写配置文件
  8. 1 注册filter
  9. 2 绑定路径
  10. 2.1 完全匹配 例如:/demo1
  11. 2.2 目录匹配 例如: /* 过滤所有请求

    案例

  12. 项目目录
  13. 代码

Demo1Filter

package com.oracle.filter;

import java.io.IOException;

import javax.servlet.Filter;
import javax.servlet.FilterChain;
import javax.servlet.FilterConfig;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.ServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.ServletResponse;

public class Demo1Filter implements Filter{

    @Override
    public void destroy() {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        
    }

    @Override
    public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response, FilterChain chain)
            throws IOException, ServletException {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        System.out.println("Demo1Filter过滤到请求.../demo1");
        
        //放行
        chain.doFilter(request, response);
    }

    @Override
    public void init(FilterConfig arg0) throws ServletException {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        
    }

}

web.xml

Demo1Servlet

package com.oracle.servlet;

import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;

public class Demo1Servlet extends HttpServlet {
    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;

    public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        System.out.println("Demo1Servlet接收到请求.../demo1");
    }

    public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(request, response);
    }
}

效果

session

session

  1. 什么是session?
    服务器端会话技术
  2. api

(1)session的获取

HttpSession session=request.getSession()

(2)session属性操作

session.setAttribute("attr_name", attr_value);//设置属性
session.getAttribute(attr_name);//获取属性
  1. 作用范围
    一次会话中

    session 测试(其他的servlet可以共享一次请求中的数据)

  2. 项目目录
  3. 代码

a.html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
    <a href="/sessiontest/demo1">访问demo1</a>
    <a href="/sessiontest/demo2">访问demo2</a>
    <a href="/sessiontest/demo3">访问demo3</a>
</body>
</html>

Demo1Servlet

package com.oracle;

import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;

public class Demo1Servlet extends HttpServlet {
    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;

    public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //request.setAttribute("username", "zhangsan");
        
        //请求转发
        //request.getRequestDispatcher("/demo2").forward(request, response);
        
        //创建session
        HttpSession session = request.getSession();
        System.out.println("Demo1Servlet增加username属性,值为lisi");
        session.setAttribute("username", "lisi");
    }

    public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(request, response);
    }
}

Demo2Servlet

package com.oracle;

import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;

public class Demo2Servlet extends HttpServlet {
    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;

    public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //String username = (String)request.getAttribute("username");
        //System.out.println(username);//null 一次会话当中的第二次请求不能得到第一次请求的数据
        
        HttpSession session = request.getSession();
        String username = (String)session.getAttribute("username");
        System.out.println("Demo2Servlet:" + username);
        
    }

    public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(request, response);
    }
}

Demo3Servlet

package com.oracle;

import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;

public class Demo3Servlet extends HttpServlet {
    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;

    public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        HttpSession session = request.getSession();
        String username = (String)session.getAttribute("username");
        System.out.println("Demo2Servlet:" + username);
    }

    public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(request, response);
    }
}

效果

注册功能实现

  1. 实现原理
    当用户输入完注册信息,点击提交,浏览器向服务器发出请求,然后由服务器中的servlet来处理请求,将前台用户输入的信息保存到数据库当中。
  2. 安装MySQL并创建需要的数据库和表(假设创建的数据库为test3,创建表user),表结构如下图所示。
  3. 在eclipse中导入数据库配置文件
  4. 导入注册所需的jar包
  5. 导入DataSourceUtils.java
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request域对象

场景:有时候我们发送一个请求然后由一个对应的servlet处理请求,接着我们需要将当前的request对象的一些信息传递到另一个servlet或者jsp页面。
方法

  1. 请求转发
    假设当前处理请求的是Demo2Servlet(/demo2),需要传递信息到Demo3Servlet(/demo3)中。
request.getRequestDispatcher("/demo3").forward(request, response);

然后我们就可以在Demo3Servlet中获取request中的信息。

package com.oracle;

import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

public class Demo3Servlet extends HttpServlet {
    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
    
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        String username = request.getParameter("username");
        System.out.println(username);
    }

    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        doGet(request, response);
    }

}
  1. 使用request域对象(使用request的setAttribute()方法设置其他信息并传递到Demo3Servlet中)
package com.oracle;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Map;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

public class Demo2Servlet extends HttpServlet {
    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        request.setAttribute("flag", 1);
        request.getRequestDispatcher("/demo3").forward(request, response);
    }

    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        doGet(request, response);
    }
}
  1. 在Demo3Servlet中获取请求中的信息或者在Demo2Servlet中设置的新信息)
package com.oracle;

import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

public class Demo3Servlet extends HttpServlet {
    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;

    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        String username = request.getParameter("username");
        System.out.println(username);
        
        //request.removeAttribute("flag");//如果在获取设置的属性前将其删除,后面将获取不到该属性
        Integer a = (Integer)request.getAttribute("flag");
        System.out.println(a);
    }

    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        doGet(request, response);
    }

}