Django | django自定义后台表单

django自定义后台表单的显示方式。

以问题投票为例说明后台表单的自定义：

1.准备所需的模型类

import datetime

from django.db import models
from django.utils import timezone
from django.contrib import admin


# Create your models here.
class Question(models.Model):
    question_text = models.CharField(max_length=200)
    pub_date = models.DateTimeField("date published")

    def __str__(self):
        return self.question_text

    # 定制布尔值字段的显式方式
    @admin.display(
        boolean=True,
        ordering="pub_date",
        description="Published recently?",
    )
    def was_published_recently(self):
        now = timezone.now()
        return now - datetime.timedelta(days=1) <= self.pub_date <= now


class Choice(models.Model):
    question = models.ForeignKey(Question, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    choice_text = models.CharField(max_length=200)
    votes = models.IntegerField(default=0)

    def __str__(self):
        return self.choice_text

2.自定义后台表单的显式方式

django后台访问：ip:port/admin

from django.contrib import admin  # 导入django内置模型管理类
from .models import Question, Choice  # 导入自定义模型类


class ChoiceInline(admin.TabularInline):
    # admin.TabularInline: 单行显示关联对象
    # admin.StackedInline: 多行显示关联对象
    model = Choice
    extra = 3


# 定义后台Question表单
class QuestionAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    # 定义属性显式顺序
    # fields = ["pub_date", "question_text"]
	
    # 将模型类的属性划分成不同的信息区域，适用于模型类有多个属性且存在同类型属性
    fieldsets = [
        (None, {"fields": ["question_text"]}),
        ("Date information", {"fields": ["pub_date"]}),
    ]

    # 修改列表页中列表项的显式信息
    list_display = ["question_text", "pub_date", "was_published_recently"]

    # 增加过滤器
    list_filter = ["pub_date"]

    # 增加搜索框
    search_fields = ["question_text"]

    # 分页，一页展示5个列表项
    list_per_page = 5

    # 添加关联的对象
    inlines = [ChoiceInline]


# 定义后台Choice表单
class ChoiceAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    fieldsets = [
        ("Question Information", {"fields": ["question"]}),
        ("Seletions Information", {"fields": ["choice_text"]}),
        ("Voting Information", {"fields": ["votes"]}),
    ]

    # 增加搜索框
    search_fields = ["choice_text"]

    # 增加过滤器
    list_filter = ["votes"]

    # 列表项展示内容
    list_display = ["choice_text", "votes"]

    # 分页，一页展示5个列表项
    list_per_page = 5

    # 字段（选项投票数）可编辑
    list_editable = ["votes"]

# 将模型类注册到后台中进行管理
admin.site.register(Question, QuestionAdmin)
admin.site.register(Choice, ChoiceAdmin)